The type III collagen gene contains an unusual arrangement of head-to-head orientation within transcription units, leading to an asymmetric promoter. The proximal promoter is a cross-over between COL4A5 and COL4A6. It regulates cell-type-specific expression in vitro, cell lines, and transgenic mice. It is unknown whether the internal promoter is involved in the regulation of collagen production.
This promoter has been studied in mouse and chick cells, but is not as active as that of mice or humans. In a transgenic research study, it was discovered to be highly active in fibroblastic NIH 3T3 cells. In contrast, the chick type III collagen promoter requires sequences ranging from -798 and -580. The a1(II)-collagen promoter fragment in F9 and C2C12 cells was also not active.
The pF-239/+44 gene sequence is highly conserved across species and has been shown inactive in human and mouse skin fibroblasts. However, it is important to note that the pF-239/+41 promoter has the potential of having a CCAATT box that is located close to the transcription start point 레니스나. This promoter was also identified in human and mouse collagen genes of type III. However, the functional role for the CCAATT boxes has not been determined.
The promoters of the human and mouse type III collagen genes are highly conserved and homologous. The human and mouse type III collagen genes share similar cis-acting sequences. Interestingly the chick type III promoter contains two elements that are bound by an AP-1-like factor and a new factor. Three regions are necessary for the expression of both kinds of collagen. For example the chick collagen inducer requires a cis acting sequence between -798 and 580.
The type IV collagen promoter is devoid of the CCAAATT box. It also contains evolutionary conserved elements, but it is not active in mouse fibroblasts. It also contains the CCAATT box that can be activated and is situated closer to the transcription start site than usual. The function of the CCAAAC is not fully understood even though the CCAATT box exists in both mouse and human varieties of type III collagen genes.
The first intron contains the chromosomal enhancer that is used for type II collagen. Intron 23 is an alternative promoter of type II collagen. The internal promoter for type II collagen is found in the two-intron chick A2(I) Chondrocytes. The chromosomal DNA sequence of this gene is located in the chondrocyte's type 1 intron. The SjP40 directly influences collagen, which results in the formation of bone marrow.
The a1(I)-collagen promoter is 2.3 kg in size. The OG2-Cre promoter is 1.3 kb. The a1(I)-collage promoter contains an cis-acting element that is the transcription factor that is a molecule that is active in transcription. The OC2 promoter monomer is highly conserved in both types cell lines.
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